31. Menene daskararrun da aka dakatar?
Daskararrun daskararrun SS kuma ana kiran su abubuwa marasa tacewa.Hanyar aunawa ita ce tace samfurin ruwa tare da membrane tace 0.45μm sannan a kwashe da bushe ragowar tacewa a 103oC ~ 105oC.Volatile dakatar da daskararru VSS yana nufin adadin daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar da su da ke jujjuyawa bayan kona a babban zafin jiki na 600oC, wanda zai iya kusan wakiltar abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta a cikin daskararrun da aka dakatar.Abubuwan da suka rage bayan kona su ne daskararrun daskararrun da ba su da ƙarfi, wanda zai iya kusan wakiltar abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta a cikin daskararrun da aka dakatar.
A cikin ruwan datti ko gurɓataccen ruwa, abun ciki da kaddarorin daskararrun daskararru marasa narkewa sun bambanta da yanayin ƙazanta da ƙimar ƙazanta.Daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar da daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar sune mahimman alamomi don ƙira da sarrafa aikin ruwa.
32. Me ya sa aka dakatar da daskararru da daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar da su suna da mahimmancin ma'auni a cikin ƙira da sarrafa sarrafa ruwan sha?
Daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar da daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar a cikin ruwan sharar gida sune mahimman sigogi a cikin ƙira da sarrafa aikin ruwa.
Dangane da abubuwan da aka dakatar da su a cikin tankin tanki na biyu, ma'aunin fitarwa na matakin farko na kasa ya nuna cewa bai kamata ya wuce 70 MG/L ba (matakan kula da najasa na biyu ba zai wuce 20 mg/L), wanda yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin alamun kula da ingancin ruwa.A lokaci guda, daskararrun da aka dakatar sune mai nuna ko tsarin kula da najasa na al'ada yana aiki akai-akai.Canje-canje mara kyau a cikin adadin daskararru da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa daga tanki na biyu ko wuce misali yana nuna cewa akwai matsala tare da tsarin kula da najasa, kuma dole ne a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don dawo da shi yadda ya kamata.
Daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar (MLSS) da abubuwan daskararrun daskararru masu canzawa (MLVSS) a cikin sludge da aka kunna a cikin na'urar jiyya na halitta dole ne su kasance cikin wani adadi mai yawa, kuma don tsarin kula da kwayoyin halitta na najasa tare da ingantaccen ingancin ruwa, akwai takamaiman alaƙar daidaitawa tsakanin biyu.Idan MLSS ko MLVSS ya wuce takamaiman kewayon ko rabo tsakanin canje-canje biyu da muhimmanci, dole ne a yi ƙoƙarin mayar da shi zuwa al'ada.In ba haka ba, ingancin magudanar ruwa daga tsarin jiyya na ilimin halitta zai canza babu makawa, har ma da alamomi daban-daban, gami da daskararru da aka dakatar, za su wuce ma'auni.Bugu da kari, ta hanyar auna MLSS, ana iya sa ido kan ma'aunin ƙarar sludge na cakudawar tankin iska don fahimtar yanayin daidaitawa da ayyukan sludge mai kunnawa da sauran abubuwan dakatarwar nazarin halittu.
33. Menene hanyoyin auna daskararru da aka dakatar?
GB11901-1989 yana ƙayyadaddun hanya don ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun daskararru da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa.Lokacin da aka auna daskararrun daskararrun SS, ana tattara wani ƙayyadaddun ƙarar ruwan sharar gida ko gaurayawan ruwa gabaɗaya, ana tacewa tare da membran tacewa na 0.45 μm don tsallakar da daskararrun da aka dakatar, kuma ana amfani da membrane mai tacewa don tsallakar da daskararrun daskararrun kafin da bayan.Bambancin taro shine adadin daskararrun da aka dakatar.Nau'in gama gari na SS don ruwan sharar ruwa na gabaɗaya da ƙazamin tanki na biyu shine mg/L, yayin da naúrar gama gari don SS don tankin iska mai gauraye da ruwa da dawo da sludge shine g/L.
Lokacin auna samfuran ruwa tare da manyan ƙimar SS kamar iska mai gaurayawan barasa da dawo da sludge a cikin masana'antar sarrafa ruwa, kuma lokacin da daidaiton sakamakon auna ya yi ƙasa, ana iya amfani da takarda mai ƙididdigewa maimakon 0.45 μm tace membrane.Wannan ba zai iya kawai nuna ainihin halin da ake ciki ba don jagorantar daidaitawar aiki na ainihin samarwa, amma kuma yana adana farashin gwaji.Duk da haka, lokacin da ake auna SS a cikin zubar da ruwa na tanki na biyu ko zurfin jiyya, dole ne a yi amfani da membrane tace 0.45 μm don aunawa, in ba haka ba kuskuren sakamakon auna zai yi girma sosai.
A cikin tsarin jiyya na ruwan sha, dakatarwar daskararrun daskararru yana ɗaya daga cikin sigogin tsari waɗanda ke buƙatar ganowa akai-akai, kamar su shigar da dakatarwar daskararru, haɗaɗɗun sludge na ruwa a cikin iska, maida sludge maida hankali, ragowar sludge maida hankali, da sauransu. Ƙayyade ƙimar SS, ana amfani da mitoci na maida hankali akai-akai a cikin tsire-tsire masu kula da ruwa, gami da nau'in gani da nau'in ultrasonic.Tushen ƙa'idar mitar sludge na gani shine yin amfani da hasken haske don warwatse lokacin da ya ci karo da ɓangarorin da aka dakatar yayin wucewa ta cikin ruwa, kuma ƙarfin ya raunana.Watsewar haske yana cikin wani ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun adadin da girman ɓangarorin da aka dakatar da aka fuskanta.Hasken tarwatse yana gano ta tantanin halitta mai ɗaukar hoto.da kuma matakin ƙaddamar da haske, za a iya ƙaddamar da ƙwayar sludge a cikin ruwa.Ka'idar ma'aunin sludge na ultrasonic shine cewa lokacin da raƙuman ruwa na ultrasonic ke wucewa ta cikin ruwa mai sharar gida, raguwar ƙarfin ultrasonic ya yi daidai da ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa.Ta hanyar gano raguwar raƙuman ruwa na ultrasonic tare da firikwensin firikwensin na musamman, ana iya yin la'akari da ƙwayar sludge a cikin ruwa.
34. Menene tsare-tsare don ƙayyade daskararrun da aka dakatar?
Lokacin aunawa da yin samfuri, samfurin ruwa mai zubar da ruwa na tanki na sakandare na biyu ko samfurin sludge da aka kunna a cikin na'urar jiyya na ilimin halitta dole ne ya zama wakilci, kuma dole ne a cire manyan barbashi na al'amuran iyo ko abubuwan da aka nutsar da su a ciki.Don hana raguwar wuce gona da iri akan faifan tacewa daga shigar ruwa da tsawaita lokacin bushewa, ƙimar samfurin ya fi dacewa don samar da 2.5 zuwa 200 MG na daskararru da aka dakatar.Idan babu wani tushe, za a iya saita ƙarar samfurin don ƙaddarar daskararrun da aka dakatar a matsayin 100ml, kuma dole ne a haɗa shi sosai.
Lokacin auna samfuran sludge da aka kunna, saboda babban abin da aka dakatar da daskararru, adadin daskararrun da aka dakatar a cikin samfurin yakan wuce 200 MG.A wannan yanayin, dole ne a tsawaita lokacin bushewa da kyau, sannan a matsa zuwa na'urar bushewa don kwantar da ma'aunin zafin jiki kafin auna.Maimaita bushewa da bushewa har sai nauyi na yau da kullun ko asarar nauyi bai kai kashi 4% na ma'aunin da ya gabata ba.Don guje wa bushewa da bushewa da ayyukan aunawa, kowane mataki na aiki da lokaci dole ne a sarrafa shi sosai kuma a kammala shi da kansa ta hanyar injiniyan dakin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ingantattun dabaru.
Ya kamata a bincika samfuran ruwan da aka tattara kuma a auna su da wuri-wuri.Idan ana buƙatar adana su, ana iya adana su a cikin firiji na 4oC, amma lokacin ajiyar samfuran ruwa bai kamata ya wuce kwanaki 7 ba.Don tabbatar da sakamakon ma'aunin daidai yadda zai yiwu, lokacin da ake auna samfuran ruwa tare da ƙimar SS masu girma kamar aeration gauraye ruwa, za a iya rage girman samfurin ruwa daidai;yayin da ake auna samfuran ruwa tare da ƙananan ƙimar SS irin su gurɓataccen tankin tanki na biyu, ana iya ƙara ƙarar ruwan gwajin daidai.Irin wannan girma.
Lokacin auna yawan sludge tare da ƙimar SS mai girma kamar dawo da sludge, don hana kafofin watsa labarai masu tacewa kamar tacewa ko takarda tacewa daga shiga tsakani da yawa da aka dakatar da shigar da ruwa mai yawa, dole ne a tsawaita lokacin bushewa.Lokacin yin la'akari a ma'auni na yau da kullum, wajibi ne a kula da yadda nauyin ya canza.Idan canjin ya yi girma, sau da yawa yana nufin cewa SS akan membrane tace ya bushe a waje kuma ya jika a ciki, kuma ana buƙatar tsawaita lokacin bushewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-12-2023
