Me yasa ruwan dattin gishiri mai yawa ke da wuyar magani?Dole ne mu fara fahimtar menene babban ruwan gishiri da kuma tasirin ruwan gishiri mai girma akan tsarin kwayoyin halitta!Wannan labarin yana magana ne kawai akan maganin sinadarai na ruwa mai yawan gishiri!
1. Menene ruwan sha mai yawan gishiri?
Ruwa mai yawan gishiri yana nufin ruwan datti tare da jimlar abun ciki na gishiri aƙalla 1% (daidai da 10,000mg/L).Ya fi fitowa ne daga tsire-tsire masu sinadarai da tarawa da sarrafa mai da iskar gas.Wannan ruwan sharar gida yana ƙunshe da abubuwa iri-iri (ciki har da gishiri, mai, ƙarafa masu nauyi da kayan aikin rediyo).Ana samar da ruwan sha mai gishiri ta hanyoyi masu yawa, kuma adadin ruwan yana karuwa kowace shekara.Cire gurɓataccen yanayi daga ruwan datti mai gishiri yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga muhalli.Ana amfani da hanyoyin ilimin halitta don magani.Abubuwan gishiri mai girma suna da tasirin hanawa akan ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana amfani da hanyoyin jiki da sinadarai don magani, wanda ke buƙatar babban zuba jari da tsadar aiki, kuma yana da wuya a cimma tasirin tsarkakewa da ake sa ran.Yin amfani da hanyoyin ilimin halitta don magance irin wannan sharar gida shine har yanzu abin da ake mayar da hankali kan bincike a gida da waje.
Nau'o'in da sinadarai na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan dattin ruwa mai yawan gishiri sun bambanta sosai dangane da tsarin samarwa, amma gishirin da ke cikin galibin gishiri ne kamar Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+.Ko da yake waɗannan ions suna da mahimmancin sinadirai masu mahimmanci don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta halayen enzymatic, kiyaye ma'auni na membrane da daidaita matsalolin osmotic yayin girma na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Koyaya, idan taro na waɗannan ions ya yi yawa, zai sami inhibitory da sakamako mai guba akan ƙwayoyin cuta.Babban bayyanar cututtuka sune: babban taro na gishiri, matsanancin matsananciyar osmotic, rashin ruwa na kwayoyin halitta, haifar da rabuwar protoplasm cell;salting fita yana rage ayyukan dehydrogenase;high chloride ions Bacteria masu guba ne;gishiri maida hankali ne high, da yawa na sharar gida karuwa, da kuma kunna sludge sauƙi iyo kuma ya ɓace, don haka tsanani rinjayar tsarkakewa sakamako na nazarin halittu magani tsarin.
2. Tasirin salinity akan tsarin biochemical
1. Yana haifar da rashin ruwa da mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta
A mafi girma gishiri gishiri, canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba osmotic shine babban dalilin.Ciki na kwayoyin cuta wuri ne mai rufewa.Dole ne ta yi musayar kayayyaki masu amfani da makamashi tare da yanayin waje don kiyaye ƙarfinsa.Duk da haka, dole ne kuma ya hana yawancin abubuwan waje shiga don guje wa lalata kwayoyin halitta na ciki.Tsangwama da hana amsawa.
Ƙara yawan gishirin gishiri yana haifar da ƙaddamar da maganin a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta ya zama ƙasa da na waje.Bugu da ƙari kuma, saboda yanayin da ruwa ke motsawa daga ƙananan tattarawa zuwa babban taro, ruwa mai yawa yana ɓacewa a cikin kwayoyin cutar, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin yanayin halayen kwayoyin halitta na ciki, yana lalata tsarin halayen kwayoyin halitta har sai ya katse., kwayoyin suna mutuwa.
2. Tsangwama tare da tsarin sha na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma toshe mutuwarsu
Membran tantanin halitta yana da siffa ta zaɓin ƙyalli don tace abubuwa masu cutarwa ga ayyukan rayuwar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ɗaukar abubuwa masu amfani ga ayyukan rayuwarta.Wannan tsarin shayarwa yana shafar kai tsaye ta hanyar maida hankali na bayani, tsabtataccen abu, da dai sauransu na yanayin waje.Ƙarin gishiri yana haifar da tsoma baki a cikin yanayin shayarwar ƙwayoyin cuta ko kuma toshe shi, a ƙarshe yana haifar da hana ayyukan rayuwar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ma mutu.Wannan yanayin ya bambanta sosai saboda yanayin ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya, yanayin jinsuna, nau'in gishiri da yawan gishiri.
3. Guba da mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta
Wasu gishiri za su shiga cikin kwayoyin cutar tare da ayyukansu na rayuwa, suna lalata tsarin halayen kwayoyin halitta na ciki, wasu kuma za su yi hulɗa tare da membrane na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya sa kayansu ya canza kuma ya daina kare su ko kuma ba za su iya sha wasu ba. abubuwa masu cutarwa ga kwayoyin cuta.Abubuwan da ke da amfani, ta haka ne ke haifar da hana mahimman ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta su mutu.Daga cikin su, gishiri mai nauyi sune wakilai, kuma wasu hanyoyin haifuwa suna amfani da wannan ka'ida.
Bincike ya nuna cewa tasirin salinity mai yawa akan jiyya na biochemical yana nunawa a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:
1. Yayin da salinity ya karu, haɓakar sludge mai kunnawa yana shafar.Canje-canje a cikin lanƙwasa girma sune kamar haka: lokacin daidaitawa ya zama tsayi;yawan girma a cikin lokacin girma na logarithmic ya zama mai hankali;kuma tsawon lokacin haɓakar haɓaka ya zama tsayi.
2. Salinity yana ƙarfafa numfashi na microbial da lysis cell.
3. Salinity yana rage ɓacin rai da lalata kwayoyin halitta.Rage ƙimar cirewa da raguwar adadin kwayoyin halitta.
3. Yaya yawan gishirin gishiri zai iya jurewa tsarin kwayoyin halitta?
Dangane da "Ka'idojin Ingancin Ruwa na Najasa da Aka Fitar da Wutar Lantarki na Birane" (CJ-343-2010), lokacin shigar da injin tsabtace ruwan najasa don kulawa na biyu, ingancin najasa da aka fitar a cikin magudanar ruwa ya kamata ya bi ka'idodin Grade B (Table). 1), daga cikinsu chlorine Chemicals 600 mg/l, sulfate 600 mg/l.
Dangane da rataye 3 na "Lambar don Zane na Ruwa na Waje" (GBJ 14-87) (GB50014-2006 da 2011 bugu ba su ƙayyade abun da ke cikin gishiri ba), "Halatta halaccin haɗuwa da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin mashigar ruwa na tsarin jiyya na halitta", Matsakaicin izinin sodium chloride shine 4000mg/L.
Bayanan ƙwarewar injiniya sun nuna cewa lokacin da ƙwayar chloride ion a cikin ruwa mai datti ya fi 2000mg / L, za a hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma za a rage yawan cirewar COD;lokacin da adadin chloride ion a cikin ruwa mai datti ya fi 8000mg/L, za a ƙara ƙarar sludge.Faɗawa, babban adadin kumfa yana bayyana akan saman ruwa, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta za su mutu ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, mun yi imanin cewa ƙwayar chloride ion mafi girma fiye da 2000mg/L da abun ciki na gishiri ƙasa da 2% (daidai da 20000mg/L) ana iya bi da su ta hanyar sludge mai kunnawa.Koyaya, mafi girman abun ciki na gishiri, ƙarin lokacin haɓakawa.Amma ka tuna abu ɗaya, Gishirin da ke cikin ruwa mai shigowa dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi kuma ba zai iya jurewa da yawa ba, in ba haka ba tsarin sinadarai ba zai iya jurewa ba.
4. Matakan don tsarin tsarin sinadarai na maganin ruwa mai gishiri mai yawa
1. Domestication na kunna sludge
Lokacin da salinity ya kasa da 2g/L, ana iya magance najasar gishiri ta hanyar gida.Ta hanyar haɓaka abun ciki na gishiri a hankali na ruwan abinci na biochemical, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su daidaita matsi na osmotic a cikin sel ko kare protoplasm a cikin sel ta hanyar nasu tsarin tsarin matsa lamba osmotic.Waɗannan hanyoyin ka'idoji sun haɗa da tara ƙananan abubuwa masu nauyi don samar da sabon Layer na kariya da sarrafa kansu.Hanyoyi masu narkewa, canje-canje a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, da sauransu.
Don haka, sludge mai kunnawa na yau da kullun na iya kula da ruwan sha mai yawan gishiri a cikin wani kewayon tattara gishiri ta cikin gida na wani ɗan lokaci.Kodayake sludge mai kunnawa zai iya ƙara yawan juriya na gishiri na tsarin da kuma inganta ingantaccen magani na tsarin ta hanyar gida, gida na sludge microorganisms yana da iyakacin iyaka ga gishiri kuma suna kula da canje-canje a cikin yanayi.Lokacin da yanayin ion chloride ya canza ba zato ba tsammani, daidaitawar ƙwayoyin cuta za su ɓace nan da nan.Gida shine kawai daidaitawar physiological na ɗan lokaci na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don dacewa da yanayin kuma ba shi da halayen kwayoyin halitta.Wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran daidaitawa yana da matukar illa ga maganin najasa.
Lokacin ƙaddamar da sludge mai kunnawa shine gabaɗaya kwanaki 7-10.Acclimation na iya inganta juriya na sludge microorganisms zuwa gishiri maida hankali.Rage abubuwan da aka kunna sludge maida hankali a farkon matakin aclimation shine saboda haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba na maganin gishiri da kuma haifar da mutuwar wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Yana nuna girma mara kyau.A cikin mataki na gaba na gida, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka dace da yanayin da aka canza sun fara haifuwa, don haka ƙaddamar da sludge mai kunnawa yana ƙaruwa.Shan cirewaCODTa hanyar kunna sludge a cikin 1.5% da 2.5% sodium chloride mafita a matsayin misali, ƙimar cirewar COD a farkon matakan haɓakawa da ƙarshen sune: 60%, 80% da 40%, 60% bi da bi.
2. Tsarma ruwa
Domin rage yawan gishiri a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, ruwan da ke shigowa za a iya diluted don abun ciki na gishiri ya kasance ƙasa da ƙimar iyaka mai guba, kuma ba za a hana maganin ilimin halitta ba.Amfaninsa shine cewa hanyar yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi don aiki da sarrafawa;rashin amfaninsa shine yana haɓaka sikelin sarrafawa, saka hannun jari da farashin aiki.;
3. Zaɓi kwayoyin cuta masu jure gishiri
Kwayoyin Halotolerant kalma ce ta gaba ɗaya don ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya jure yawan gishiri.A cikin masana'antu, galibi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wajibi ne waɗanda aka tantance kuma an wadata su.A halin yanzu, ana iya jurewa mafi girman abun ciki na gishiri a kusan 5% kuma yana iya aiki a tsaye.Ana kuma la'akari da shi a matsayin wani nau'i na ruwa mai yawan gishiri.Hanyar magani na biochemical!
4. Zaɓi kwararar tsari mai ma'ana
An zaɓi tsarin kulawa daban-daban don ƙididdiga daban-daban na abun ciki na ion chloride, kuma an zaɓi tsarin anaerobic da kyau don rage yawan juriya na ƙwayar chloride ion a cikin sashin aerobic na gaba.;
Lokacin da salinity ya fi 5g/L, evaporation da maida hankali ga desalination shine hanya mafi tattalin arziki da tasiri.Sauran hanyoyin, irin su hanyoyin noman ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da gishiri, suna da matsalolin da ke da wahalar aiki a aikin masana'antu.
Kamfanin Lianhua na iya samar da mai binciken COD mai sauri don gwada ruwan gishiri mai yawa saboda sinadarin mu na iya kare dubun dubatar ion chloride.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-25-2024
