Turbidity yana nufin matakin toshewar mafita zuwa hanyar haske, wanda ya haɗa da watsar da haske ta hanyar da aka dakatar da kwayoyin halitta da kuma ɗaukar haske ta ƙwayoyin solute. Rashin turbidity na ruwa ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da abun ciki na abubuwan da aka dakatar da su a cikin ruwa ba, amma har ma suna da alaƙa da girman su, siffar su da ma'anar refractive. Naúrar ita ce NTU.
Turbidity yawanci dace don tabbatar da ingancin ruwa na ruwa na halitta, ruwan sha da wasu ruwan masana'antu. Daskararrun da aka dakatar da su kamar ƙasa, silt, kyawawan kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin inorganic, da plankton a cikin ruwa na iya sa ruwan ya zama turbid kuma ya gabatar da wani turbidity. Dangane da binciken ingancin ruwa, turbidity da aka kafa ta 1 MG SiO2 a cikin ruwan 1L shine ɗayan Madaidaicin turbidity guda ɗaya, wanda ake magana da shi azaman digiri 1. Gabaɗaya, mafi girma turbidity, da girgije da mafita. Kula da turbidity wani muhimmin bangare ne na kula da ruwa na masana'antu da kuma muhimmin alamar ingancin ruwa. Dangane da amfani da ruwa daban-daban, akwai buƙatu daban-daban don turbidity. Ruwan ruwan sha bai kamata ya wuce 1NTU ba; ana buƙatar turbidity na ƙarin ruwa don kewaya ruwan sanyaya ruwa ana buƙatar ya zama digiri 2 zuwa 5; ruwa mai tasiri (ruwan raw) don maganin ruwa mai tsafta yana da turbid Matsayin turɓaya ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 3; ƙera zaruruwan da mutum ya yi yana buƙatar cewa turbidity na ruwa ya zama ƙasa da digiri 0.3. Tunda ɓangarorin da aka dakatar da colloidal waɗanda ke zama turbidity gabaɗaya sun tsaya tsayin daka kuma galibi ana cajin su mara kyau, ba za su daidaita ba tare da maganin sinadarai ba. A cikin maganin ruwa na masana'antu, ana amfani da hanyoyin coagulation, bayani da tacewa don rage turbidity na ruwa.
Ma'aunin turbidity
Hakanan ana iya auna turbidity da nephelometer. Nephelometer yana aika haske ta wani sashe na samfurin kuma yana auna yawan hasken da barbashi a cikin ruwa ya warwatse a kusurwar 90° zuwa hasken abin da ya faru. Ana kiran wannan hanyar auna haske mai tarwatsewa. Duk wani turbidity na gaskiya dole ne a auna ta haka. Mitar turbidity ya dace da ma'aunin filin da dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma ci gaba da sa ido a kowane lokaci.
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don gano turɓaya: Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) a cikin ISO 7027, Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) a cikin hanyar USEPA 180.1 da Nephelometry a HJ1075-2019. An fi amfani da ISO 7027 da FNU a Turai, yayin da NTU aka fi amfani da ita a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe. TS EN ISO 7027 yana ba da hanyoyi don ƙayyade turbidity a cikin ingancin ruwa. Ana amfani da shi don ƙayyade ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar da su a cikin samfurin ruwa ta hanyar auna hasken abin da ya faru a cikin kusurwoyi madaidaici daga samfurin. Hasken da aka tarwatse yana ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar photodiode, wanda ke haifar da siginar lantarki, wanda sai a canza shi zuwa turbidity. HJ1075-2019 ya haɗu da hanyoyin ISO7029 da 180.1, kuma yana ɗaukar tsarin gano katako mai dual-beam. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gano nau'in katako guda ɗaya, tsarin dual-beam yana inganta daidaito na babba da ƙananan turbidity. An ba da shawarar a cikin ma'auni don zaɓar turbidimeter tare da hasken abin da ya faru na 400-600 nm don samfurori da ke ƙasa da 10 NTU, da kuma turbidimeter tare da haske na 860 nm ± 30 nm don samfurori masu launi. Don wannan, Lianhua ta tsaraLH-NTU2M (V11). Kayan aikin da aka gyara yana ɗaukar turbidimeter mai watsawa na 90° tare da sauyawa ta atomatik na farin haske da katako biyu na infrared. Lokacin gano samfuran ƙasa da 10NTU, ana amfani da tushen haske na 400-600 nm. Lokacin gano turbidity sama da 10NTU Yin amfani da 860nm haske Madogararsa, atomatik ganewa, atomatik kalaman sauyawa, mafi hankali da kuma daidai.
1. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ce ta bayar da EPA180.1. Yana amfani da fitilar tungsten azaman tushen haske kuma ya dace da auna samfuran ƙarancin turbidity kamar ruwan famfo da ruwan sha. Bai dace da mafita samfurin launi ba. Yi amfani da tsawon zangon 400-600nm.
2. ISO7027 ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi ne na duniya. Bambanci daga EPA180.1 shine cewa ana amfani da nano-LEDs azaman tushen haske, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urorin daukar hoto da yawa don guje wa kurakuran ma'auni da ke haifar da tsangwama na samfurin chromaticity na ruwa ko bacewar haske. Tsawon tsayi 860± 30nm.
3. HJ 1075-2019 Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Muhalli ta ƙasa ce ta bayar, wanda ya haɗu da ma'aunin ISO7027 da ma'aunin EPA 180.1. Tare da 400-600nm da 860± 30nm tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Za a iya gano yawan turɓaya mai girma da ƙasa, ana iya gano ruwan sha, ruwan kogi, ruwan wanka, da ruwan sharar gida.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-23-2023
