Turbidity a cikin ruwan saman

Menene turbidity?
Turbidity yana nufin matakin toshewar hanyar warware hanyar haske, wanda ya haɗa da watsar da haske ta hanyar da aka dakatar da kwayar halitta da kuma ɗaukar haske ta ƙwayoyin solute.
Turbidity siga ce da ke bayyana adadin ɓangarorin da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa. Yana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar abun ciki, girma, siffa, da fihirisar ratsawa na abubuwan da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa. A cikin gwajin ingancin ruwa, turbidity wata muhimmiyar alama ce, wacce za ta iya yin nuni da yawan daskararrun da aka dakatar da su a cikin ruwa kuma yana daya daga cikin ginshiki na kimanta ingancin ruwa na mutane. Ana auna turbidity yawanci ta hanyar auna adadin hasken da ya warwatse ta hanyar barbashi a cikin ruwa lokacin da haske ya ratsa cikin samfurin ruwa. Waɗannan ɓangarorin kwayoyin halitta yawanci kanana ne, tare da girma gabaɗaya akan tsari na microns da ƙasa. Turbidity da kayan zamani ke nunawa yawanci yana warwatsa turbidity, kuma sashin shine NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Auna turbidity yana da matukar mahimmanci don kimanta ingancin ruwan sha, saboda ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da tsabtar ruwa ba, har ma a kaikaice yana nuna matakin maida hankali na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwa, yana shafar tasirin disinfection.
Turbidity ma'auni ne na dangi da aka ƙayyade ta yawan hasken da zai iya wucewa ta samfurin ruwa. Mafi girma da turbidity, ƙananan haske zai wuce ta samfurin kuma ruwan zai bayyana "girgije". Matsakaicin turbidity yana haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa, waɗanda ke watsa haske maimakon watsa shi ta cikin ruwa. Kaddarorin jiki na ɓangarorin da aka dakatar na iya shafar duka turbidity. Manyan barbashi masu girma suna warwatsa haske kuma suna mai da hankali kan shi gaba, don haka ƙara turbidity ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da watsa haske ta cikin ruwa. Girman barbashi kuma yana rinjayar ingancin haske; ɓangarorin da suka fi girma suna warwatsa dogon zangon haske cikin sauƙi fiye da gajeriyar raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, yayin da ƙananan barbashi suna da tasirin watsawa ga guntun raƙuman ruwa. Ƙara yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kuma yana rage watsawar haske yayin da hasken ya zo cikin hulɗa tare da ƙara yawan adadin barbashi kuma yana tafiya mafi guntu tsakanin barbashi, yana haifar da watsawa da yawa a kowane barbashi.

Ka'idar ganowa
Turbidity 90-digiri watsawa Hanyar hanya ce da aka saba amfani da ita don auna turbidity na mafita. Wannan hanya ta dogara ne akan abin da ya faru na watsawa wanda aka kwatanta da Lorentz-Boltzmann equation. Wannan hanya tana amfani da na'urar daukar hoto ko photometer don auna ƙarfin hasken da ke wucewa ta samfurin da aka gwada da kuma ƙarfin hasken da aka watsar da samfurin a cikin hanyar watsawa na digiri 90, kuma yana ƙididdige turbidity na samfurin bisa ga ma'auni. Ka'idar watsawa da ake amfani da ita ta wannan hanyar ita ce: Dokar Beer-Lambert. Wannan ka'idar ta nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin aikin igiyar jirgin sama mai haskakawa iri ɗaya, amsawar electro-optical a tsakanin tsayin raka'a yana raguwa tare da aikin fa'ida na tsawon hanyar gani, wanda shine ka'idar Beer-Lambert ta gargajiya. A wasu kalmomi, hasken hasken da ke bugun barbashi da aka dakatar a cikin bayani suna warwatse sau da yawa, tare da wasu haskoki suna warwatse a kusurwoyi 90-digiri. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanya, kayan aikin zai auna ma'auni na ƙarfin hasken da aka watsar da waɗannan kwayoyin a kusurwar digiri 90 zuwa ƙarfin hasken da ke wucewa ta samfurin ba tare da tarwatsa ba. Yayin da ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin turbidity ya karu, ƙarfin hasken da aka watsar zai kuma ƙara, kuma rabo zai zama ya fi girma, sabili da haka, girman girman rabo ya dace da adadin ƙwayoyin da ke cikin dakatarwa.
A gaskiya ma, lokacin aunawa, an gabatar da tushen hasken a tsaye a cikin samfurin kuma an sanya samfurin a matsayi tare da kusurwar watsawa na 90 °. Za'a iya samun ƙimar turbidity na samfurin ta hanyar auna ma'aunin hasken da aka auna kai tsaye ba tare da wucewa ta hanyar samfurin ba da kuma 90 ° watsar hasken da aka samar a cikin samfurin tare da photometer, kuma a hade tare da hanyar lissafin launi.
Wannan hanyar tana da daidaito sosai kuma ana amfani da ita sosai wajen auna turbidity a cikin ruwa, ruwan sha, abinci, magani da filayen muhalli.

Menene babban dalilin turbidity a saman ruwa?
Turbidity a cikin ruwan saman yana faruwa ne da farko saboda abubuwan da aka dakatar da su a cikin ruwa. 12
Wadannan sinadarai da aka dakatar sun hada da silt, yumbu, kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta masu iyo da kwayoyin halitta, da dai sauransu, wanda zai hana haske shiga cikin ruwa, don haka ya sa jikin ruwa ya zama turbaya. Waɗannan ɓangarorin abubuwa na iya samo asali ne daga hanyoyin halitta, kamar guguwa, zazzafar ruwa, iska, da sauransu, ko kuma daga ayyukan ɗan adam, kamar aikin gona, masana'antu, da hayaƙin birni. Ma'auni na turbidity yawanci yana cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da aka dakatar da su a cikin ruwa. Ta hanyar auna tsananin hasken da ya tarwatse, za a iya fahimtar daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa da kyar.
Auna turbidity
Mitar turbidity Lianhua LH-P305 tana amfani da hanyar haske mai tarwatsewa 90°, tare da kewayon aunawa na 0-2000NTU. Za a iya canza tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa biyu ta atomatik don guje wa tsangwama na chromaticity na ruwa. Ma'aunin yana da sauƙi kuma sakamakon daidai ne. Yadda za a auna turbidity
1. Kunna mitar turbidity na hannu LH-P305 don preheat, naúrar ita ce NTU.
2. Ɗauki bututu mai launi 2 mai tsabta.
3. Ɗauki 10ml na ruwa mai tsabta kuma saka shi a cikin bututu mai launi 1.
4. Ɗauki 10ml na samfurin kuma saka shi a cikin bututu mai launi na 2. Shafe bangon waje mai tsabta.
5. Bude tanki mai launi, saka a cikin bututu mai launi na No. 1, danna maɓallin 0, kuma allon zai nuna 0 NTU.
6. Fitar da bututu mai launi na No. 1, saka a cikin bututu mai launi na 2, danna maɓallin ma'auni, kuma allon zai nuna sakamakon.
Aikace-aikace da taƙaitawa
Turbidity wani muhimmin ma'auni ne na ingancin ruwa domin shi ne mafi bayyane mai nuna yadda "tsabta" tushen ruwa yake. Babban turbidity na iya nuna kasancewar gurɓataccen ruwa da ke cutar da rayuwar ɗan adam, dabba da shuka, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta, protozoa, abubuwan gina jiki (irin su nitrates da phosphorus), magungunan kashe qwari, mercury, gubar da sauran karafa. Ƙaruwar turɓaya a cikin ruwan saman yana sa ruwan bai dace da amfani da ɗan adam ba kuma yana iya samar da ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cututtuka zuwa saman cikin ruwa. Hakanan ana iya haifar da turɓaniya mai yawa ta hanyar ruwan sha daga tsarin magudanar ruwa, zubar da ruwa a birane, da zaizayar ƙasa daga ci gaba. Don haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin turbidity sosai, musamman a fagen. Kayan aiki masu sauƙi na iya sauƙaƙe kulawar yanayin ruwa ta raka'a daban-daban da haɗin gwiwa tare da kiyaye haɓakar albarkatun ruwa na dogon lokaci.