Jimlar phosphorus muhimmiyar alama ce ta ingancin ruwa, wanda ke da tasiri mai girma akan yanayin muhalli na jikin ruwa da lafiyar ɗan adam. Total phosphorus yana daya daga cikin sinadirai da ake bukata don ci gaban tsiro da algae, amma idan jimillar sinadarin phosphorus da ke cikin ruwa ya yi yawa, zai haifar da eutrophiation na ruwa, yana hanzarta haifuwar algae da kwayoyin cuta, yana haifar da furen algae. kuma yana tasiri sosai ga yanayin muhalli na ruwa. Kuma a wasu lokuta, kamar ruwan sha da ruwan wanka, yawan sinadarin phosphorus na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam, musamman ga jarirai da mata masu juna biyu.
Sources na jimlar phosphorus a cikin ruwa
(1) gurbacewar noma
Gurbacewar aikin gona ya samo asali ne saboda yawan amfani da takin mai magani, kuma sinadarin phosphorus dake cikin takin sinadari yana shiga cikin ruwa ta hanyar ruwan sama ko noma. A al'ada, kawai 10% -25% na takin da tsire-tsire za su iya amfani da su, sauran 75% -90% kuma ana barin su a cikin ƙasa. A sakamakon binciken da aka yi a baya, kashi 24% -71% na sinadarin phosphorus a cikin ruwa yana fitowa ne daga takin noma, don haka gurbacewar sinadarin phosphorus a cikin ruwa ya samo asali ne sakamakon gudun hijirar phosphorus a cikin kasa zuwa ruwa. Dangane da kididdiga, yawan amfani da takin phosphate gabaɗaya shine kawai 10% -20%. Yin amfani da takin phosphate da yawa ba wai kawai yana haifar da almubazzaranci ba, har ma yana haifar da wuce gona da iri na takin phosphate don gurɓata tushen ruwa ta hanyar zubar da ruwa.
(2) najasar gida
Najasar cikin gida ta haɗa da najasar ginin jama'a, najasar cikin gida, da najasar masana'antu da ake fitarwa a cikin magudanar ruwa. Babban tushen sinadarin phosphorus a cikin najasa a cikin gida shine amfani da kayayyakin wanke-wanke mai dauke da sinadarin phosphorus, da najasar dan Adam, da kuma datti na cikin gida. Kayayyakin wankin sun fi amfani da sodium phosphate da polysodium phosphate, kuma sinadarin phosphorous dake cikin wanki yana shiga cikin ruwa tare da najasa.
(3) Ruwan sharar masana'antu
Ruwan sharar masana'antu na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da yawan sinadarin phosphorus a cikin ruwa. Ruwan sharar gida na masana'antu yana da halaye na yawan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, nau'ikan gurɓatattun abubuwa masu yawa, masu wahalar ƙasƙanta, da kuma hadaddun abubuwa. Idan aka fitar da ruwan sharar masana'antu kai tsaye ba tare da magani ba, zai haifar da babban tasiri a jikin ruwa. Mummunan illa ga muhalli da lafiyar mazauna.
Hanyar Kau da Fosfour na Najasa
(1) Electrolysis
Ta hanyar ka'idar electrolysis, abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ruwan sharar gida suna fuskantar raguwar amsawa da kuma amsawar iskar oxygen a ma'auni mai kyau da kyau, kuma abubuwa masu cutarwa suna canzawa zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani don cimma manufar tsarkakewar ruwa. Tsarin electrolysis yana da abũbuwan amfãni na babban inganci, kayan aiki mai sauƙi, aiki mai sauƙi, haɓakar cirewa, da masana'antu na kayan aiki; ba ya buƙatar ƙara coagulant, kayan tsaftacewa da sauran sinadarai, yana guje wa tasiri akan yanayin yanayi, kuma yana rage farashi a lokaci guda. Za a samar da ƙananan sludge. Duk da haka, hanyar electrolysis yana buƙatar cinye makamashin lantarki da kayan ƙarfe, farashin aiki yana da yawa, kulawa da kulawa yana da rikitarwa, kuma matsalar cikakken amfani da laka yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike da mafita.
(2) Electrodialysis
A cikin hanyar electrodialysis, ta hanyar aikin filin lantarki na waje, anions da cations a cikin maganin ruwa na ruwa suna motsawa zuwa anode da cathode bi da bi, don haka ion maida hankali a tsakiyar electrode ya ragu sosai, da kuma ion maida hankali. kusa da lantarki yana ƙarawa. Idan an ƙara membrane musayar ion a tsakiyar lantarki, za a iya samun rabuwa da maida hankali. makasudin. Bambanci tsakanin electrodialysis da electrolysis shi ne cewa duk da ƙarfin lantarki na electrodialysis yana da girma, halin yanzu ba shi da girma, wanda ba zai iya kula da ci gaba da redox dauki da ake bukata ba, yayin da electrolysis shine akasin haka. Fasahar Electrodialysis tana da fa'idodin rashin buƙatar kowane sinadarai, kayan aiki mai sauƙi da tsarin haɗuwa, da aiki mai dacewa. Duk da haka, akwai kuma wasu rashin amfani waɗanda ke iyakance aikace-aikacen sa mai yawa, kamar yawan amfani da makamashi, manyan buƙatun don tsabtace ruwa, da rashin kwanciyar hankali na magani.
(3) Hanyar adsorption
Hanyar adsorption wata hanya ce da ake toshe wasu gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa kuma ana gyara su ta hanyar daskararru (adsorbents) don cire gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa. Gabaɗaya, hanyar tallatawa ta kasu zuwa matakai uku. Na farko, adsorbent yana da cikakkiyar hulɗa tare da ruwan sharar gida ta yadda za a yi wa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu; na biyu, rabuwa na adsorbent da ruwan sha; na uku, sabuntawa ko sabuntawa na adsorbent. Bugu da ƙari ga carbon da aka kunna da yawa a matsayin adsorbent, macroporous adsorption resin na roba kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin tallan maganin ruwa. Hanyar adsorption yana da fa'idodin aiki mai sauƙi, sakamako mai kyau na magani da saurin jiyya. Koyaya, farashin yana da yawa, kuma tasirin saturation na adsorption zai ragu. Idan aka yi amfani da resin adsorption, ana buƙatar bincike bayan jikewar adsorption, kuma ruwan sharar gida yana da wahala a magance shi.
(4) Hanyar musayar ion
Hanyar musanya ion tana ƙarƙashin aikin musayar ion, ions da ke cikin ruwa ana musayar su zuwa phosphorus a cikin sinadarai mai ƙarfi, sannan ana cire phosphorus ta hanyar resin musanya na anion, wanda zai iya cire phosphorus da sauri kuma yana da ingancin cire phosphorus. Duk da haka, resin musanya yana da rashin lahani na guba mai sauƙi da sabuntawa mai wuyar gaske.
(5) Hanyar Crystallization
Kawar da Phosphorus ta hanyar crystallization shine ƙara wani abu mai kama da saman da tsarin phosphate maras narkewa ga ruwan sharar gida, ya lalata yanayin ions mai narkewa a cikin ruwan sharar gida, kuma ya haifar da lu'ulu'u na phosphate akan saman ma'aunin crystallization azaman crystal tsakiya, sannan ware kuma cire phosphorus. Ana iya amfani da kayan ma'adinai da ke ɗauke da sinadarin Calcium azaman abubuwan da ke haifar da crystallization, kamar su phosphate rock, char char, slag, da dai sauransu, daga cikinsu akwai dutsen phosphate da char kashi sun fi tasiri. Yana adana sararin bene kuma yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, amma yana da buƙatun pH masu girma da takamaiman ƙwayar calcium ion.
(6) Dausayi na wucin gadi
Gine-ginen kawar da phosphorus mai dausayi ya haɗu da fa'idodin kawar da phosphorus na halitta, cirewar sinadarai na phosphorus, da haɓaka cirewar phosphorus. Yana rage abubuwan da ke cikin phosphorus ta hanyar shayar da kwayoyin halitta da hadewa, da tallan substrate. Ana cire sinadarin phosphorus ne ta hanyar tallan sinadarin phosphorus.
A taƙaice, hanyoyin da ke sama za su iya cire phosphorus a cikin ruwan sha mai dacewa da sauri, amma duk suna da wasu rashin amfani. Idan daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da shi kadai, ainihin aikace-aikacen na iya fuskantar ƙarin matsaloli. Hanyoyin da ke sama sun fi dacewa da pretreatment ko ci gaba da magani don cire phosphorus, kuma hade tare da kawar da phosphorus na halitta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau.
Hanyar gano Jimillar Phosphorus
1. Molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry: Ka'idar bincike da ƙaddarar molybdenum-antimon anti-spectrophotometry shine: a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic, phosphorus a cikin samfurori na ruwa na iya amsawa tare da molybdenum acid da antimony potassium tartrate a cikin nau'i na ions don samar da molybdenum acid. hadaddun. Polyacid, kuma ana iya rage wannan abu ta hanyar rage ascorbic acid don samar da hadaddun shuɗi, wanda muke kira molybdenum blue. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar don nazarin samfuran ruwa, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin narkewa daban-daban gwargwadon girman gurɓataccen ruwa. Narkewar potassium persulfate gabaɗaya ana nufin samfuran ruwa tare da ƙarancin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma idan samfurin ruwan ya ƙazantu sosai, gabaɗaya zai bayyana a cikin ƙarancin iskar oxygen, manyan gishirin ƙarfe da kwayoyin halitta. A wannan lokacin, muna buƙatar amfani da oxidizing Ƙarfin reagent narkewa. Bayan ci gaba da ci gaba da kammalawa, ta yin amfani da wannan hanya don ƙayyade abun ciki na phosphorus a cikin samfurori na ruwa ba zai iya rage kawai lokacin kulawa ba, amma har ma yana da daidaito mai kyau, kyakkyawar fahimta da ƙarancin ganowa. Daga cikakkiyar kwatance, wannan shine mafi kyawun hanyar ganowa.
2. Hanyar rage sinadarin chloride: A haxa samfurin ruwa da sulfuric acid a zafi shi zuwa tafasa, sannan a ƙara ferrous chloride da sulfuric acid don rage jimillar phosphorus zuwa phosphate ion. Sa'an nan kuma yi amfani da ammonium molybdate don amsa launi, kuma yi amfani da colorimetry ko spectrophotometry don auna abin sha don ƙididdige yawan adadin phosphorus.
3. Babban zafin jiki na narkewa-spectrophotometry: Narkar da samfurin ruwa a babban zafin jiki don canza jimillar phosphorus zuwa ions phosphorus inorganic. Sannan a yi amfani da maganin potassium dichromate na acidic don rage ion phosphate da potassium dichromate a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic don samar da Cr (III) da phosphate. An auna ƙimar sha na Cr (III), kuma an ƙididdige abubuwan da ke cikin phosphorus ta daidaitaccen lanƙwasa.
4. Hanyar atom fluorescence: jimlar phosphorus a cikin samfurin ruwa an fara canza shi zuwa nau'in phosphorus na inorganic, sa'an nan kuma bincikar atomic fluorescence analyzer don tantance abubuwan da ke cikinsa.
5. Gas chromatography: Jimlar phosphorus a cikin samfurin ruwa an rabu kuma an gano shi ta gas chromatography. An fara bi da samfurin ruwa don cire ions phosphate, sa'an nan kuma acetonitrile-water (9: 1) cakuda da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin kaushi ga pre-ginshiƙi derivatization, kuma a karshe an ƙaddara jimlar phosphorus abun ciki da gas chromatography.
6. Isothermal turbidimetry: maida jimlar phosphorus a cikin samfurin ruwa zuwa phosphate ions, sa'an nan kuma ƙara buffer da Molybdovanadophosphoric Acid (MVPA) reagent don samar da wani rawaya hadaddun, auna absorbance darajar da wani colorimeter, sa'an nan The calibration kwana da aka yi amfani da. don lissafta jimlar abun ciki na phosphorus.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-06-2023
