Dangantaka tsakanin COD da BOD

Magana game da COD da BOD
A cikin sharuddan sana'a
COD yana nufin Kemikal Oxygen Buƙatar. Kemikal Oxygen Buƙatar wata muhimmiyar alama ce ta gurɓataccen ruwa, ana amfani da ita don nuna adadin rage abubuwa (mafi yawan kwayoyin halitta) a cikin ruwa. Ana ƙididdige ma'auni na COD ta hanyar amfani da oxidants mai ƙarfi (kamar potassium dichromate ko potassium permanganate) don kula da samfuran ruwa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kuma adadin oxidants da ake cinyewa na iya nuna kusan ƙimar gurɓataccen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. Girman ƙimar COD, mafi tsanani ga jikin ruwa yana gurɓata ta kwayoyin halitta.
Hanyoyin auna sinadarai na buƙatar iskar oxygen sun haɗa da hanyar dichromate, hanyar potassium permanganate da sabuwar hanyar sha ultraviolet. Daga cikin su, hanyar potassium dichromate yana da babban sakamakon aunawa kuma ya dace da lokatai tare da manyan buƙatun daidaito, kamar saka idanu na ruwa na masana'antu; yayin da hanyar potassium permanganate yana da sauƙin aiki, tattalin arziki da aiki, kuma ya dace da ruwa mai zurfi, tushen ruwa da ruwan sha. Kulawar ruwa.
Dalilan yawan buƙatar iskar oxygen na sinadarai yawanci suna da alaƙa da hayaƙin masana'antu, najasa na birni da ayyukan noma. Kwayoyin halitta da rage abubuwa daga waɗannan tushe suna shiga cikin ruwa, yana haifar da ƙimar COD don wuce daidaitattun daidaito. Domin sarrafa COD da ya wuce kima, ana buƙatar ɗaukar ingantattun matakai don rage fitar da hayaki daga waɗannan hanyoyin gurɓataccen ruwa da kuma ƙarfafa hana gurɓataccen ruwa.
A taƙaice, buƙatar iskar oxygen ɗin sinadari wata muhimmiyar alama ce wacce ke nuna matakin gurɓacewar kwayoyin halittar ruwa. Ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na aunawa, za mu iya fahimtar gurɓataccen ruwa sannan mu ɗauki matakan da suka dace don magani.
BOD yana nufin Buƙatar Oxygen Biochemical. Bukatar iskar oxygen biochemical (BOD5) cikakkiyar alama ce da ke nuna abun ciki na abubuwan da ke buƙatar iskar oxygen kamar mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin ruwa suka hadu da iska, kwayoyin halitta ne na aerobic ke rube shi kuma ya zama inorganic ko gas. Ma'auni na buƙatar iskar oxygen na biochemical yawanci yana dogara ne akan rage iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa bayan amsawa a wani yanayin zafi (20 ° C) na ƙayyadaddun adadin kwanaki (yawanci kwanaki 5).
Dalilan yawan buƙatar iskar oxygen na biochemical na iya haɗawa da matakan kwayoyin halitta masu yawa a cikin ruwa, waɗanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suka lalace kuma suna cinye iskar oxygen mai yawa. Misali, masana'antu, aikin gona, ruwa na ruwa, da sauransu suna buƙatar buƙatar iskar oxygen ta biochemical ya zama ƙasa da 5mg/L, yayin da ruwan sha ya zama ƙasa da 1mg/L.
Hanyoyin ƙayyadaddun buƙatun iskar oxygen na biochemical sun haɗa da dilution da hanyoyin inoculation, wanda raguwar narkar da iskar oxygen bayan da aka sanya samfurin ruwa mai narkewa a cikin incubator mai zafi a 20 ° C na kwanaki 5 ana amfani da shi don lissafin BOD. Bugu da kari, rabon iskar oxygen na biochemical da buƙatun iskar oxygen (COD) na iya nuna adadin gurɓatattun kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa suna da wahala ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta su ruɓe. Waɗannan gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da wahalar ruɓe suna haifar da babbar illa ga muhalli.
Ana kuma amfani da nauyin buƙatun iskar oxygen na biochemical (Lokacin BOD) don nuna adadin kwayoyin halitta da aka sarrafa kowace juzu'i na wuraren kula da ruwan sha (kamar matatar halitta, tankunan iska, da sauransu). Ana amfani da shi don ƙayyade adadin wuraren kula da ruwa da kuma aiki da sarrafa kayan aiki. muhimman abubuwa.
COD da BOD suna da fasalin gama gari, wato, ana iya amfani da su azaman cikakkiyar alama don nuna abubuwan da ke cikin gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa. Halayensu ga oxidation na kwayoyin halitta sun bambanta gaba daya.
COD: Salo mai ƙarfi da mara ƙarfi, gabaɗaya yana amfani da potassium permanganate ko potassium dichromate azaman oxidant, wanda aka ƙara ta hanyar narkewar zafin jiki. Yana mai da hankali ga hanya mai sauri, daidai kuma mara tausayi, kuma yana oxidizes duk kwayoyin halitta a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ta hanyar spectrophotometry, dichromate Adadin iskar oxygen da aka cinye ana ƙidaya ta hanyoyin ganowa kamar hanyar, wanda aka rubuta a matsayin CODcr da CODmn bisa ga daban-daban. oxidants. A al'ada, ana amfani da potassium dichromate gabaɗaya don auna najasa. Ƙimar COD da ake yawan ambata a zahiri ita ce ƙimar CODcr, kuma potassium permanganate ita ce ƙimar da aka auna don ruwan sha da ruwan saman ƙasa ana kiranta alamar permanganate, wanda kuma shine ƙimar CODmn. Komai oxidant da aka yi amfani da shi don auna COD, mafi girman ƙimar COD, mafi girman gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa.
BOD: Nau'i mai laushi. Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna dogara da su don lalata kwayoyin halitta masu lalacewa a cikin ruwa don ƙididdige adadin narkar da iskar oxygen da aka cinye a cikin halayen kwayoyin halitta. Kula da mataki-mataki tsari. Misali, idan lokacin oxidation na halitta shine kwanaki 5, ana rubuta shi azaman kwanaki biyar na halayen biochemical. Bukatar iskar oxygen (BOD5), daidai da BOD10, BOD30, BOD yana nuna adadin kwayoyin halitta masu lalacewa a cikin ruwa. Idan aka kwatanta da oxidation na tashin hankali na COD, yana da wuya ga ƙwayoyin cuta su oxidize wasu kwayoyin halitta, don haka ana iya ɗaukar darajar BOD a matsayin najasa Matsayin kwayoyin halitta da za a iya lalata su.
, wanda ke da mahimmancin mahimmanci don maganin najasa, tsarkakewa kogi, da dai sauransu.

COD da BOD duka alamomi ne na yawan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa. Dangane da rabon BOD5/COD, ana iya samun alamar biodegradability na najasa:
Tsarin tsari shine: BOD5/COD=(1-α)×(K/V)
Lokacin da B/C＞0.58, gaba ɗaya biodegradable
B/C = 0.45-0.58 mai kyau biodegradability
B/C = 0.30-0.45 Mai yiwuwa
0.1B/C | 0.1
BOD5/COD=0.3 yawanci ana saita shi azaman ƙananan iyaka na najasa mai lalacewa.
Lianhua na iya yin nazarin sakamakon COD cikin ruwa cikin sauri cikin mintuna 20, kuma za ta iya samar da reagents daban-daban, kamar su foda reagents, reagents na ruwa da na'urorin da aka riga aka yi. Aikin yana da aminci kuma mai sauƙi, sakamakon yana da sauri kuma daidai, amfani da reagent kaɗan ne, kuma gurɓataccen abu kaɗan ne.
Har ila yau Lianhua na iya samar da na'urorin gano BOD daban-daban, irin su kayan aikin da ke amfani da hanyar biofilm don auna BOD cikin sauri a cikin mintuna 8, da BOD5, BOD7 da BOD30 waɗanda ke amfani da hanyar matsa lamba daban-daban marasa mercury, waɗanda suka dace da yanayin gano daban-daban.