Tsarin kula da najasa ya kasu kashi uku:
Jiyya na farko: jiyya ta jiki, ta hanyar magani na inji, irin su gasa, lalata ko iska, don cire duwatsu, yashi da tsakuwa, mai, maiko, da dai sauransu da ke cikin najasa.
Jiyya na biyu: jiyya na biochemical, gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin najasa sun lalace kuma sun canza zuwa sludge ƙarƙashin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Jiyya na uku: ci gaba da kula da najasa, wanda ya haɗa da kawar da abubuwan gina jiki da lalata najasa ta hanyar chlorination, radiation ultraviolet ko fasahar ozone. Dangane da manufofin jiyya da ingancin ruwa, wasu hanyoyin magance najasa ba su haɗa da duk hanyoyin da ke sama ba.
01 Magani na farko
Sashin jiyya na injiniya (matakin farko) ya haɗa da sifofi irin su grilles, grit chambers, tankunan tankuna na farko, da dai sauransu, don cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma dakatar da daskararru. Ka'idar jiyya ita ce cimma rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar hanyoyin jiki da raba gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa daga najasa , wanda shine hanyar da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar tsabtace ruwa.
Jiyya na injiniya (primary) shine aikin da ya wajaba don duk hanyoyin kula da najasa (ko da yake wasu matakai a wasu lokuta suna barin tankin tanki na farko), kuma ƙimar cirewar BOD5 da SS a cikin jiyya na najasa na birni shine 25% da 50% bi da bi. .
A cikin tsire-tsire masu kula da magudanar ruwa na phosphorus da nitrogen, ba a ba da shawarar ɗakunan grit don guje wa kawar da abubuwan da suka lalace cikin sauri ba; lokacin da halayen ingancin ruwa na danyen najasa ba su dace da phosphorus da nitrogen cirewa ba, saitin ƙaddamarwa na farko da kuma saitin Hanyar yana buƙatar yin nazari a hankali kuma a yi la'akari da shi bisa ga tsarin da aka biyo baya na halayen ingancin ruwa, don tabbatar da tabbatar da ingancin ruwa. da kuma inganta tasirin ruwa mai tasiri na matakai masu biyo baya kamar cirewar phosphorus da denitrification.
02 Magani na sakandare
Maganin sinadarai na najasa yana cikin magani na biyu, tare da babban manufar cire daskararrun daskararrun da ba za a iya ninkuwa ba da kuma kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa. Tsarinsa yana da yawa, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa hanyar da aka kunna sludge, hanyar AB, Hanyar A / O, Hanyar A2 / O, hanyar SBR, hanyar oxidation ditch, hanyar kandami na daidaitawa, hanyar CASS, hanyar maganin ƙasa da sauran hanyoyin magani. A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun sarrafa najasa na birni suna amfani da hanyar sludge mai kunnawa.
Ka'idar kula da ilimin halitta ita ce kammala bazuwar kwayoyin halitta da kuma hadawar kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar nazarin halittu, musamman ma aikin kwayoyin halitta, da kuma canza gurbacewar halitta zuwa samfuran iskar gas mara lahani (CO2), samfuran ruwa (ruwa) da samfuran wadatar kwayoyin halitta. . M samfur (kungiyoyin microbial ko sludge na halitta); wuce haddi nazarin halittu sludge aka rabu da m da ruwa a cikin sedimentation tanki da kuma cire daga tsarkakewa najasa. da
03 Jiyya na manyan makarantu
Magani na uku shine ci gaba da kula da ruwa, wanda shine tsarin kula da ruwa bayan na biyu, kuma shine mafi girman ma'aunin jiyya na najasa. A halin yanzu, babu da yawa masana'antun sarrafa najasa a kasar mu sanya a aikace.
Yana hana ruwa da dephosphorizes bayan magani na biyu, yana cire sauran gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa ta hanyar kunna carbon adsorption ko reverse osmosis, kuma yana lalata da ozone ko chlorine don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, sannan a aika da ruwan da aka kula da shi a cikin hanyoyin ruwa ana amfani dashi azaman hanyoyin ruwa don zubar da bayan gida, feshin tituna, shayar da bel ɗin kore, ruwan masana'antu, da rigakafin gobara.
Ana iya ganin cewa aikin tsarin kula da najasa shine kawai ta hanyar sauye-sauye na biodegradation da rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, yayin da ake tsarkake ruwa da kuma wadatar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a cikin sludge, ciki har da sludge na farko da aka samar a cikin sashin jiyya na farko, Sauran sludge mai kunnawa. da aka samar a cikin sashin jiyya na biyu da sludge na sinadarai da aka samar a cikin jiyya na manyan makarantu.
Domin wadannan sludges na dauke da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin cuta, kuma suna da saukin gurbatawa da wari, suna da saukin haifar da gurbatar yanayi na biyu, kuma har yanzu ba a kammala aikin kawar da gurbatar yanayi ba. Dole ne a zubar da sludge da kyau ta hanyar raguwar ƙararrawa, raguwar ƙara, daidaitawa da magani mara lahani. Nasarar maganin sludge da zubar da ruwa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan shukar najasa kuma dole ne a ɗauka da gaske.
Idan ba a yi maganin sludge ba, za a fitar da sludge tare da dattin da aka yi da shi, kuma tasirin tsarkakewa na najasa zai lalace. Sabili da haka, a cikin ainihin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, maganin sludge a cikin tsarin kula da najasa yana da matukar mahimmanci.
04 Tsarin Deodorization
Daga cikin su, hanyoyin jiki sun hada da hanyar dilution, hanyar adsorption, da dai sauransu; Hanyoyin sinadarai sun haɗa da hanyar sha, hanyar konewa, da dai sauransu; shawa da sauransu.
Dangantaka tsakanin maganin ruwa da gwajin ingancin ruwa
Gabaɗaya, za a yi amfani da na'urorin gwajin ingancin ruwa a cikin aikin gyaran ruwa, ta yadda za mu iya sanin takamaiman yanayin ingancin ruwa kuma mu ga ko ya dace da ma'auni!
Gwajin ingancin ruwa ya zama dole a cikin maganin ruwa. Dangane da halin da ake ciki yanzu, ana samun karuwar amfani da ruwa a rayuwa da masana'antu, haka nan kuma wasu ruwan datti a rayuwa da najasa a samar da masana'antu su ma suna karuwa. Idan aka sauke ruwan kai tsaye ba tare da fita ba, ba wai kawai zai gurɓata muhalli ba, har ma yana lalata tsarin yanayin muhalli sosai. Don haka, dole ne a kasance da wayar da kan jama'a game da fitar da najasa da gwaji. Sassan da suka dace sun ƙayyade alamun fitarwa masu dacewa don maganin ruwa. Sai bayan gwaji da tabbatar da cewa an cika ka'idojin za a iya fitar da su. Gano najasa ya ƙunshi alamomi da yawa, irin su pH, daskararrun da aka dakatar, turbidity, buƙatar oxygen sinadarai (COD), buƙatun oxygen na biochemical (BOD), jimlar phosphorus, jimlar nitrogen, da sauransu. Sai kawai bayan maganin ruwa waɗannan alamun zasu iya zama ƙasa da fitarwa. daidaitattun za mu iya tabbatar da tasirin maganin ruwa, don cimma manufar kare muhalli.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-09-2023
