Ruwan datti ya kasance ruwan datti ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙazanta na halitta, kitse, sitaci da sauran sinadarai da ake samarwa yayin aikin dafa abinci, kurkura, bleaching, girma da sauransu. Ana samar da bugu da rini da ruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa kamar wankewa, rini, bugu. girma da dai sauransu, kuma yana kunshe da sinadarai masu tarin yawa kamar rini, sitaci, cellulose, lignin, detergents, da kuma sinadarai marasa inganci kamar su alkali, sulfide, da gishiri iri-iri, wadanda suke da gurbacewa sosai.
Halayen bugu da rini na ruwan sha
Masana'antar bugu da rini shine babban mai fitar da ruwan sharar masana'antu. Ruwan sharar gida ya ƙunshi datti, maiko, gishiri akan fibers ɗin yadi, da slurries iri-iri, rini, surfactants, additives, acid da alkalis waɗanda aka ƙara yayin aiwatarwa.
Halayen ruwan sharar gida shine babban taro na kwayoyin halitta, hadadden abun da ke ciki, mai zurfi da chromaticity mai canzawa, manyan canje-canjen pH, manyan canje-canje a cikin girman ruwa da ingancin ruwa, kuma yana da wuya a bi da ruwan sha na masana'antu. Tare da haɓakar masana'anta na fiber na sinadarai, haɓakar siliki na kwaikwayo da haɓaka buƙatun bugu na bugu da rini, babban adadin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa kamar su PVA slurry, rayon alkaline hydrolyzate, sabbin dyes, da ƙari sun shiga cikin yadi. bugu da rini na ruwa, yana haifar da babban ƙalubale ga tsarin kula da ruwa na gargajiya. Matsalolin COD kuma ya ƙaru daga ɗaruruwan milligrams a kowace lita zuwa 3000-5000 mg/l.
Ruwan slurry da rini yana da babban chroma da babban COD, musamman hanyoyin bugu da rini kamar su shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, da baƙar fata, ƙarin shuɗi mai duhu, da ƙarin baƙi baƙi waɗanda aka haɓaka bisa ga kasuwar waje. Irin wannan nau'in bugu da rini yana amfani da rini mai yawa na sulfur rini da bugu da rini irin su sodium sulfide. Saboda haka, ruwan sharar gida yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na sulfide. Wannan nau'in ruwan sharar gida dole ne a riga an riga an yi masa magani sannan a yi masa magani na jeri don cika ka'idojin fitarwa. Ruwan bleaching da rini ya ƙunshi rini, slurries, surfactants da sauran abubuwan taimako. Yawan irin wannan nau'in ruwan sha yana da girma, kuma maida hankali da chromaticity duka suna da ƙasa. Idan an yi amfani da jiyya na jiki da na sinadarai kadai, zubar da ruwa kuma yana tsakanin 100 zuwa 200 mg / l, kuma chromaticity zai iya biyan bukatun fitarwa, amma adadin gurɓataccen abu yana karuwa sosai, farashin maganin sludge yana da yawa, kuma yana da yawa. mai sauƙin haifar da gurɓataccen abu na biyu. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun kariyar muhalli, ya kamata a yi la'akari da tsarin jiyya na biochemical. Hanyoyin ingantattun hanyoyin jiyya na al'ada na iya biyan buƙatun jiyya.
Hanyar magani
Hanyar coagulation
Akwai galibi gaurayawan hanyar lalata ruwa da gauraya hanyar flotation. Abubuwan coagulant da ake amfani da su galibi gishirin aluminum ne ko gishirin ƙarfe. Daga cikin su, ainihin aluminum chloride (PAC) yana da mafi kyawun haɓaka aikin talla, kuma farashin ferrous sulfate shine mafi ƙanƙanta. Adadin mutanen da ke amfani da coagulant na polymer a kasashen waje yana karuwa, kuma ana samun yanayin maye gurbin coagulant na inorganic, amma a kasar Sin, saboda dalilai na farashi, amfani da polymer coagulant yana da wuya. An ba da rahoton cewa masu rauni na anionic polymer coagulant suna da mafi girman kewayon amfani. Idan aka yi amfani da su a hade tare da aluminum sulfate, za su iya yin tasiri mai kyau. Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin gauraye hanya ne sauki tsari kwarara, m aiki da kuma management, low kayan aiki zuba jari, kananan sawun, da kuma high decolorization yadda ya dace ga hydrophobic dyes; rashin amfani shine babban farashin aiki, babban adadin sludge da wahala a cikin rashin ruwa, da mummunan tasirin magani akan dyes hydrophilic.
Hanyar oxidation
Ana amfani da hanyar oxidation na Ozone sosai a ƙasashen waje. Zima SV et al. taƙaice tsarin lissafin lissafin ozone decolorization na bugu da rini da ruwan sha. Nazarin ya nuna cewa lokacin da adadin ozone ya kasance 0.886gO3/g rini, yawan canza launi na ruwan datti mai haske ya kai 80%; Har ila yau, binciken ya gano cewa adadin ozone da ake bukata don ci gaba da aiki ya fi wanda ake bukata don yin aiki na lokaci-lokaci, kuma shigar da sassan a cikin reactor na iya rage adadin ozone da kashi 16.7%. Saboda haka, a lokacin da yin amfani da ozone hadawan abu da iskar shaka decolorization, yana da kyau a zayyana wani intermittent reactor da la'akari shigar partitions a ciki. Ozone hadawan abu da iskar shaka Hanyar iya cimma mai kyau decolorization sakamako ga mafi yawan dyes, amma decolorization sakamako ne matalauta ga ruwa-insoluble dyes kamar sulfide, raguwa, da kuma coatings. Yin la'akari da kwarewar aiki da sakamakon a gida da waje, wannan hanya tana da sakamako mai kyau na decolorization, amma yana amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa, kuma yana da wuya a inganta da kuma amfani da shi a kan babban sikelin. Hanyar photooxidation yana da babban ingancin decolorization don magance bugu da rini da ruwan sha, amma saka hannun jari na kayan aiki da amfani da wutar lantarki yana buƙatar ƙara ragewa.
Hanyar Electrolysis
Electrolysis yana da tasirin magani mai kyau akan maganin bugu da rini na ruwa mai ɗauke da rini na acid, tare da raguwar launi na 50% zuwa 70%, amma tasirin jiyya akan ruwan datti mai launin duhu da babban CODcr ba shi da kyau. Nazarin a kan kaddarorin electrochemical na rini ya nuna cewa tsarin CODcr cire adadin rini daban-daban a lokacin jiyya na electrolytic shine: sulfur dyes, rage dyes> rini na acid, dyes masu aiki> rini na tsaka tsaki, dyes kai tsaye> cationic dyes, kuma ana haɓaka wannan hanyar. kuma a shafa.
Wadanne alamomi ya kamata a gwada don bugu da rini
1. Gano COD
COD shine taƙaita buƙatar oxygen sinadarai a cikin bugu da rini da ruwa mai datti, wanda ke nuna adadin iskar oxygen ɗin da ake buƙata don iskar oxygen da bazuwar kwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwan datti. Gano COD zai iya nuna abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa mai datti, wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci don gano abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin bugu da rini.
2. Gano BOD
BOD shine taƙaita buƙatar oxygen na biochemical, wanda ke nuna adadin iskar oxygen da ake buƙata lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka lalace ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta. Gano BOD na iya yin nuni da abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin bugu da rini da ruwa wanda ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya lalata su, kuma mafi daidai daidai da abin da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan sharar gida.
3. Gano Chroma
Launin bugu da rini da ruwan sha yana da wani kuzari ga idon ɗan adam. Ganewar chroma na iya yin nuni da matakin chroma a cikin ruwan sharar gida kuma yana da takamaiman bayanin maƙasudin ƙazanta a cikin bugu da rini.
4. gano ƙimar pH
Ƙimar pH alama ce mai mahimmanci don nuna alamar acidity da alkalinity na ruwan sharar gida. Don maganin ilimin halitta, ƙimar pH yana da tasiri mafi girma. Gabaɗaya magana, ƙimar pH yakamata a sarrafa tsakanin 6.5-8.5. Maɗaukaki ko ƙasa da yawa zai shafi ci gaba da ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
5. Gano nitrogen ammonia
Nitrogen ammonia alama ce ta gama gari a cikin bugu da rini na ruwa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ma'aunin nitrogen. Samfurin bazuwar nitrogen na kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen na inorganic zuwa cikin ammonia a cikin bugu da rini da ruwan sha. Yawan nitrogen ammonia zai haifar da tarawar nitrogen a cikin ruwa, wanda ke da sauƙin haifar da eutrophication na ruwa.
6. Jimlar gano sinadarin phosphorus
Jimlar phosphorus shine muhimmin gishiri mai gina jiki a cikin bugu da rina ruwa. Yawan adadin sinadarin phosphorus zai haifar da kashe jikin ruwa kuma yana shafar lafiyar jikin ruwa. Jimillar sinadarin phosphorus a cikin bugu da rini na ruwa ya samo asali ne daga rini, kayan taimako da sauran sinadarai da ake amfani da su wajen bugu da rini.
A taƙaice, alamun sa ido na bugu da rini na ruwa sun fi rufe COD, BOD, chromaticity, ƙimar pH, ammonia nitrogen, jimlar phosphorus da sauran fannoni. Ta hanyar gwada waɗannan alamomi gabaɗaya tare da kula da su yadda ya kamata za a iya sarrafa ƙazantawar bugu da rini da ruwa yadda ya kamata.
Lianhua masana'anta ce da ke da gogewar shekaru 40 wajen kera kayan gwajin ingancin ruwa. Ya kware wajen samar da dakin gwaje-gwajeCOD, nitrogen ammonia, jimlar phosphorus, jimlar nitrogen,BOD, karafa masu nauyi, abubuwan da ba su da tushe da sauran kayan gwaji. Kayan aikin na iya samar da sakamako da sauri, suna da sauƙin aiki, kuma suna da ingantaccen sakamako. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kamfanoni daban-daban tare da zubar da ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-24-2024
