A cikin yanayin da muke rayuwa a ciki, amincin ingancin ruwa shine muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi. Duk da haka, ingancin ruwa ba koyaushe yake bayyana ba, kuma yana ɓoye sirrin da ba za mu iya gani kai tsaye da idanuwanmu ba. Bukatar iskar oxygen (COD), a matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin nazarin ingancin ruwa, yana kama da mai mulki mara ganuwa wanda zai iya taimaka mana ƙididdigewa da kimanta abubuwan da ke cikin gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa, ta haka yana bayyana ainihin yanayin ingancin ruwa.
Ka yi tunanin idan an toshe magudanar ruwa a kicin ɗinku, shin za a sami wari mara daɗi? A zahiri ana samar da wannan warin ta hanyar fermentation na kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen. Ana amfani da COD don auna yawan iskar oxygen da ake buƙata lokacin da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta (da wasu abubuwa masu oxidizable, irin su nitrite, gishiri mai ƙura, sulfide, da sauransu) suna cikin ruwa. A taƙaice, mafi girman ƙimar COD, mafi mahimmancin jikin ruwa yana gurbata ta kwayoyin halitta.
Gano COD yana da mahimmancin aiki mai mahimmanci. Yana daya daga cikin mahimman alamomi don auna ma'aunin gurɓataccen ruwa. Idan darajar COD ta yi yawa, yana nufin cewa iskar oxygen da ke cikin ruwa za a cinye shi da yawa. Ta wannan hanyar, halittu masu ruwa da ke buƙatar iskar oxygen don tsira (kamar kifi da jatan lande) za su fuskanci matsalar rayuwa, kuma suna iya haifar da sabon abu na "ruwan da ya mutu", yana haifar da rugujewar yanayin halittu gaba ɗaya. Don haka, gwajin COD na yau da kullun yana kama da yin gwajin jiki na ingancin ruwa, ganowa da warware matsalolin cikin lokaci.
Yadda za a gano ƙimar COD na samfuran ruwa? Wannan yana buƙatar amfani da wasu ƙwararrun “makamai”.
Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce hanyar potassium dichromate. Yana da kama da rikitarwa, amma ƙa'idar ta kasance mai sauqi qwarai:
Matakin shiri: Da farko, muna buƙatar ɗaukar wani adadin samfurin ruwa, sannan mu ƙara potassium dichromate, “super oxidant”, sannan mu ƙara wasu sulfate na azurfa a matsayin mai haɓakawa don yin cikakken amsawa. Idan akwai ions chloride a cikin ruwa, dole ne a kiyaye su da mercuric sulfate.
Reflux mai zafi: Na gaba, zazzage waɗannan gaurayawan tare kuma bar su su amsa a cikin tafasasshen sulfuric acid. Wannan tsari yana kama da ba da samfurin ruwa "sauna", yana nuna ƙazantattun abubuwa.
Binciken titration: Bayan da abin ya ƙare, za mu yi amfani da ammonium ferrous sulfate, "wakili mai ragewa", don titrate sauran potassium dichromate. Ta hanyar ƙididdige yawan abin da ake ci na rage ragewa, za mu iya sanin adadin iskar oxygen da aka yi amfani da shi don oxidize gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa.
Baya ga hanyar potassium dichromate, akwai wasu hanyoyin kamar hanyar potassium permanganate. Suna da fa'idodin nasu, amma manufar ɗaya ce, wanda shine don auna ƙimar COD daidai.
A halin yanzu, hanyar saurin narkewar spectrophotometry ana amfani dashi galibi don gano COD a cikin kasuwar gida. Wannan hanya ce mai saurin gano COD dangane da hanyar potassium dichromate, kuma tana aiwatar da ma'auni na manufofin "HJ/T 399-2007 Tabbatar da ingancin Ruwa na Chemical Oxygen Buƙatar Rapid Digestion Spectrophotometry". Tun daga 1982, Mista Ji Guoliang, wanda ya kafa fasahar Lianhua, ya ƙera COD mai saurin narkewa da na'urori masu alaƙa. Bayan fiye da shekaru 20 na haɓakawa da haɓakawa, a ƙarshe ya zama ma'aunin muhalli na ƙasa a cikin 2007, yana kawo gano COD cikin zamanin ganowa cikin sauri.
COD mai saurin narkewar spectrophotometry wanda Lianhua Technology ya haɓaka zai iya samun ingantaccen sakamakon COD a cikin mintuna 20.
1. Ɗauki 2.5 ml na samfurin, ƙara reagent D da reagent E, kuma girgiza sosai.
2. Yi zafi mai narke COD zuwa digiri 165, sa'an nan kuma sanya samfurin a ciki kuma ku narke na minti 10.
3. Bayan lokaci ya ƙare, fitar da samfurin kuma kwantar da shi na minti 2.
4. Ƙara 2.5 ml na ruwa mai tsabta, girgiza da kyau kuma kwantar da shi a cikin ruwa na minti 2.
5. Saka samfurin a cikinCOOD mai daukar hotodomin colorimetry. Ba a buƙatar lissafi. Ana nuna sakamakon ta atomatik kuma ana buga su. Ya dace da sauri.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2024
